Zenith: A History of American Sculpture: Discovering the Timeless Appeal and Sculptural Revolution

“Zenith” by David Anfam stands as a monumental achievement in art history writing, offering an incisive and compelling exploration of American sculpture from its nascent stages to its contemporary prominence. This meticulously researched and exquisitely written tome delves into the multifaceted world of three-dimensional art, uncovering hidden narratives and illuminating the evolution of sculptural practice within the American context.

From Colonial Roots to Modern Masterpieces

Anfam’s narrative unfolds chronologically, tracing the trajectory of American sculpture from its colonial beginnings through periods of artistic ferment and transformation. The book commences with an examination of early American sculptors who, often working in a religious or commemorative vein, laid the groundwork for future generations. Figures like William Rush and Patience Lovell Wright are introduced, showcasing their contributions to the burgeoning sculptural landscape while highlighting the limitations imposed by prevailing social and aesthetic norms.

As the narrative progresses, Anfam skillfully illuminates key turning points in American sculpture, such as the rise of neoclassicism in the early 19th century and the subsequent emergence of romanticism. The works of Horatio Greenough, known for his monumental sculptures that celebrated classical ideals, are juxtaposed with the more emotionally charged creations of Hiram Powers, whose evocative depictions of mythological figures captured the Romantic imagination.

A Nation Forged in Stone and Bronze

The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed a dramatic shift in American sculpture, marked by the advent of modernism. Anfam analyzes the groundbreaking work of artists like Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Daniel Chester French, whose monumental sculptures adorned public spaces and solidified America’s place on the world stage. These figures embody the Beaux-Arts aesthetic with its emphasis on grand scale, intricate detail, and classical allusions.

Furthermore, “Zenith” delves into the radical innovations of modern sculptors who challenged traditional conventions. Alexander Calder’s whimsical mobiles, suspended in perpetual motion, introduced a new dimension to sculptural form, while Louise Bourgeois’s emotionally charged figures explored themes of intimacy, vulnerability, and the human condition with startling honesty.

Exploring Form, Material, and Meaning

Anfam’s analysis extends beyond mere biographical sketches, delving into the technical innovations, material choices, and conceptual frameworks that underpin American sculpture. He elucidates the evolution from traditional materials like marble and bronze to the embrace of newer mediums such as wood, plastic, and found objects. The book explores how artists employed different techniques - carving, casting, welding, assemblage - to express their individual visions and engage with the world around them.

The author also grapples with the profound philosophical and intellectual currents that have shaped American sculpture. He examines how sculptors responded to social upheavals, political movements, and evolving cultural paradigms. From the idealism of the early republic to the anxieties of the Cold War era and beyond, “Zenith” illuminates the ways in which sculpture served as a powerful vehicle for commentary, reflection, and critique.

A Legacy Etched in Stone

Anfam’s “Zenith” is more than just a historical account; it is a testament to the enduring power and beauty of American sculpture. Through his meticulous research, insightful analysis, and eloquent prose, he invites readers to embark on a journey through time and discover the transformative potential of three-dimensional art. The book serves as an invaluable resource for scholars, students, and art enthusiasts alike, offering a comprehensive understanding of this rich and multifaceted artistic tradition.